When examining the role of spirituality in psychology, Maslow's theories could be considered as the early contemporary return to considering the spiritual mind within the human experience.A systematic review by Monod and colleagues ( 2011) examined 35 questionnaires that measured spirituality in clinical research and proposed a typology of instruments to reflect the multivariate nature of this complex area. The earliest one identified emerged in 1983; the Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS).
Spirituality is consistently defined by scientists as the search for, or communion with, the sacred ( Pargament et al., 2013b ). This has become nearly a consensual definition among scientists in the study of spirituality as this definition is reflected in approximately two-thirds of studies on the topic ( Kapuscinski and Masters, 2010 ).
PDF | On Oct 10, 2007, Janek Musek published The theories of religion and spirituality in psychology and cognitive sciences. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGateMaslow's theory might be one of the most powerful perspectives on humans' growth. It suggests that people have a strong desire to realize their full potential, reach their self-actualization and Belief that people have a soul or spirit. Most Americans (83%) believe that people have a soul or spirit in addition to their physical body. Overwhelming majorities of Protestants (93%) and Catholics (91%) express this belief, as do smaller majorities of Jews (69%) and the religiously unaffiliated (67%). Older Americans are more likely to This Positive Religious and Spiritual Development (PRSD) theory posits that people's religiousness/spirituality (a) is motivated by goals designed to meet psychological needs (e.g., for acceptance, predictability, and competence); (b) consists of mental/neural representations (stored beliefs, emotions, action tendencies, and physiological respon